[Isifingqo] Ukwelashwa ngokushisa 30 imibuzo nezimpendulo

Ibuze izinkomba ezingama-30

yiziphi izindlela zokucisha ezisetshenziswa cormmonly futhi uchaze isimiso sokukhetha izindlela ezahlukene quenching?

Indlela yokunciphisa:

1. Ukucima uketshezi olulodwa -- inqubo yokupholisa endaweni yokucisha, uketshezi olulodwa olucisha ingcindezi ye-microstructure kanye nengcindezi yokushisa kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ukuwohloka kokucisha kukhulu.

2. Ukucisha uketshezi oluphindwe kabili - inhloso: ukupholisa okusheshayo phakathi kuka-650℃ ~ Ms, ukuze i-V>Vc, iphole kancane ngaphansi kukaNks ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezicubu.Insimbi ye-Carbon: amanzi ngaphambi kwamafutha.Insimbi ye-alloy: amafutha ngaphambi komoya.

3. Ukucima i-fractional -- i-workpiece ikhishwa futhi ihlale ezingeni lokushisa elithile ukuze izinga lokushisa langaphakathi nangaphandle le-workpiece lihambisane, bese kuba inqubo yokupholisa umoya.I-Fractional quenching ukuguqulwa kwesigaba se-M emoyeni opholile, futhi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuncane.

4. I-Isothermal quenching -- ibhekisela ekuguqulweni kwe-bainite okwenzeka endaweni yezinga lokushisa e-bainite isothermal, enokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okunciphile kanye nokuguqulwa okuncane. kungenzeka ukugwema ukucisha deformation kanye nokuqhekeka.

 

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokumiswa komhwamuko wamakhemikhali kanye nokubeka isimo sezulu esibonakalayo ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuyinhloko?

I-Chemical meteorological deposition ikakhulukazi indlela ye-CVD.I-reaction medium equkethe izakhi zento enamathelayo iyahwamuka ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, bese ithunyelwa egumbini lokusabela elinokushisa okuphezulu ukuze ithinte indawo yokusebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphezulu.I-alloy noma insimbi kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo ziyawa futhi zifakwe endaweni yokusebenza ukuze zakhe ukunamathela.

Izici eziyinhloko zendlela ye-CVD:

1. Ingafaka izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zefilimu ye-amorphous inorganic crystalline.

2. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu namandla aqinile ahlanganisayo.

3. Ungqimba oluminyene lwe-sedimentary olunezimbotshana ezimbalwa.

4. Ukufana okuhle, imishini elula kanye nenqubo.

5. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusabela.

Isicelo: ukulungisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafilimu ebusweni bezinto ezifana nensimbi nensimbi, ingxubevange eqinile, insimbi engeyona ayoni kanye ne-inorganic non-metal, ikakhulukazi ifilimu ye-insulator, ifilimu ye-semiconductor, ifilimu yomqhubi kanye ne-superconductor kanye nefilimu yokumelana nokugqwala.

I-Physical and meteorological deposition: inqubo lapho izinto zegesi zifakwa khona ngqo endaweni yokusebenza kumafilimu aqinile, aziwa ngokuthi indlela ye-PVD.Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ukuhwamuka kwe-vacuum, i-sputtering kanye ne-ion plating.Isicelo: gqoka ukumelana nokushisa, ukushisa ukunamathela okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukugcotshwa kokugcoba, ukunamathela okusebenzayo okokuhlobisa.


I-microstructure kanye ne-macroscopic morphoiogy yokuphuka kokukhathala kuyachazwa

I-Microscopic: amaphethini e-strip aqashelwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-electron microscopic, eyaziwa ngokuthi amabhendi wokukhathala noma izilinganiso zokukhathala. Umugqa wokukhathala unezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ductile ne-brittle, umugqa wokukhathala unezikhala ezithile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umugqa ngamunye uhambisana nomjikelezo wokucindezeleka.

I-Macroscopic: ezikhathini eziningi, inezici zokuphuka okungama-macroscopic okubonakala ngeso lenyama.Ukuphuka okujwayelekile kokukhathala kuhlanganisa indawo yomthombo wokuqhekeka, indawo yokusabalalisa ukuqhekeka kanye nendawo yokugcina yokuphuka kwesikhashana.Indawo yomthombo wokukhathala ayiphansi, kwesinye isikhathi isibuko esikhanyayo, indawo yokusabalalisa i-crack iyiphethini yolwandle noma yegobolondo, eminye yemithombo yokukhathala enezikhala ezingalingani ziyahambisana. ama-arcs enkabeni yesiyingi.I-microscopic morphology yendawo yokuphuka kwesikhashana inqunywa imodi yomthwalo wesici kanye nosayizi wezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ingaba yi-dimple noma i-quasi-dissociation, i-dissociation intergranular fracture noma umumo oxubile.

 

Khomba izinhlobo ezintathu ze-quaikty prodlems ezivame ukwenzeka ekucimeni kokushisisa okungeniswayo bese uzama ukuhlaziya izimbangela zazo.

1 .ukuqhekeka: izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa alilingani;Ukukhetha okungalungile kwendawo yokucisha kanye nezinga lokushisa;Ukushisa akufika ngesikhathi futhi akwanele;Into esetshenziswayo inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, amaphutha kanye nokufakwa ngokweqile;Izingxenye azikho ngendlela efanele. yakhelwe.

2. Ubulukhuni bobuso obungalingani: isakhiwo sokungeniswa okungenangqondo;Ukushisisa okungalingani;Ukupholisa okungalingani;Inhlangano yezinto ezibonakalayo empofu (isakhiwo esinebhande, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokwengxenye.

3. Ukuncibilika kobuso: isakhiwo se-inductor asinangqondo;Izingxenye zikhona amakhona acijile, izimbobo, ezimbi, njll.;Isikhathi sokushisisa side kakhulu, futhi indawo yokusebenza inemifantu.

 

yiziphi izici zenqubo entsha yokushisa ephezulu ye-HSS phansi?

Thatha i-W18Cr4V njengesibonelo, kungani ingcono kunezimo ezijwayelekile zomshini?Insimbi ye-W18Cr4V iyashisisa futhi icinywe ku-1275℃ +320℃*1h+540℃ kuya ku-560℃*1h*2 izikhathi zokufudumeza.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile enesivinini esiphezulu, ama-M2C carbides anemvula kakhulu, kanti ama-carbides e-M2C, V4C kanye ne-Fe3C anokusabalalisa okukhudlwana nokufana okungcono, futhi cishe u-5% kuya ku-7% we-bainite ukhona, okuyisici esibalulekile se-microstructure sejubane eliphezulu lokushisa. ukusebenza kwensimbi kangcono kunensimbi evamile enesivinini esiphezulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesimo sezulu esilawulekayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ?Chaza izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ngayinye.

Kukhona umoya we-endothermic, umoya wokuvuza, umoya womzimba oqondile, omunye umoya olawulekayo (i-nitrogen machine atmosphere, umkhathi wokubola kwe-ammonia, umoya oshisayo).

1. I-Endothermic atmosphere igesi eluhlaza exutshwe nomoya ngesilinganiso esithile, ngokusebenzisa i-catalyst ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukusabela okukhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko okuqukethe i-CO, H2, N2 kanye ne-trace CO2, O2 kanye ne-H2O emkhathini, ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kudonsa ukushisa, okubizwa kanjalo. i-endothermic atmosphere noma i-RX gas. Isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa i-carburizing kanye ne-carbonitriding.

2. Emkhathini wokuconsa, i-methanol ikhombe ngqo esithandweni ukuze iqhekeke, bese kukhiqizwa isithwali esiqukethe i-CO ne-H2, bese kwengezwa i-ejenti ecebile ukuze i-carburizing;I-carbonitriding yezinga eliphansi lokushisa, ukuvikela ukushisisa ukucisha okukhanyayo, njll.

3. I-ejenti yokungena efana negesi yemvelo nomoya okuxutshwe ngengxenye ethile ngqo esithandweni, ekushiseni okuphezulu okungu-900℃ ukusabela okukhiqizwe ngokuqondile kwe-carburizing atmosphere.Igesi yokubola ye-ammonia isetshenziselwa igesi yokuthwala i-nitriding, insimbi noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lensimbi engeyona ayoni. Umkhathi wokuvikela ukushisisa.I-nitrogen - umkhathi osuselwe ku-carbon steel ephezulu noma umphumela wokuvikela insimbi muhle.I-exothermic atmosphere isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukushisa okugqamile kwensimbi ephansi ye-carbon, ithusi noma i-decarburization annealing of cast cast ironableable.

Iyini inhloso yokucisha i-isothermal yensimbi eyi-nodular cast iron ?Ziyini izakhiwo ezicishiwe ze-isothermal kanye ne-isothermal?

Injongo: Izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini kanye nokuhlanekezela okuncane kwe-iron ductile kungatholwa ngokucisha i-isothermal endaweni yenguquko ye-bainite ngemva kwe-austenitizing.Izinga lokushisa le-Isothermal: 260 ~ 300℃ isakhiwo se-bainite;Isakhiwo esiphezulu se-bainite sitholakala ku-350 ~ 400℃.

Chaza kafushane izici eziyinhloko zenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali (i-carburizing, i-nitriding, i-carburizing ne-nitrocarburizing), ukwakheka nezici zokusebenza ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo noma izingxenye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo?

I-Carburizing: ikakhulukazi ebusweni be-workpiece ibe yinqubo ye-athomu ye-carbon, i-surface tempering martensite, i-residual A ne-carbide, inhloso yesikhungo ukuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezulu, ngobulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, isikhungo sine-A. amandla athile nokuqina okuphezulu, ukuze ithwale umthelela omkhulu nokungqubuzana, insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi efana ne-20CrMnTi, igiya nephinikhodi yepiston evame ukusetshenziswa.

I-Nitriding: ebusweni bokungena kwama-athomu e-nitrogen, ubulukhuni bobuso, amandla okumelana nokukhathala nokumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqina kokushisa, ingaphezulu i-nitride, inhliziyo ye-sorbsite eshisayo, i-gesi nitriding, i-nitriding ye-liquid, evame ukusetshenziswa 38CrMoAlA , 18CrNiW.

I-Carbonitriding: i-carbonitriding izinga lokushisa eliphansi, isivinini esisheshayo, ukuguqulwa okuncane kwezingxenye.I-surface microstructure iyinaliti enhle ene-martensite + i-granular carbon ne-nitrogen compound Fe3 (C, N) + i-austenite encane eyinsalela.Inokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, amandla okukhathala futhi amandla acindezelayo, futhi anokumelana nokugqwala okuthile.Imvamisa isetshenziswa kumagiya omthwalo asindayo naphakathi enziwe ngensimbi ye-carbon alloy ephansi naphakathi.

I-Nitrocarburizing: inqubo ye-nitrocarburizing iyashesha, ubulukhuni bobuso buphansi kancane kune-nitriding, kodwa ukumelana nokukhathala kuhle.Isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza isikhunta esinomthwalo omncane womthelela, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, umkhawulo wokukhathala kanye nokuguqulwa okuncane.Izingxenye zensimbi ezijwayelekile, ezifana njengensimbi yesakhiwo se-carbon, i-alloy structural steel, insimbi yensimbi eyingxubevange, insimbi empunga, i-nodular cast iron kanye ne-powder metallurgy, ingaba yi-nitrocarburized

 

Chaza kafushane izimiso zokuklama inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa

1. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili.

2. Inqubo ithembekile, inengqondo futhi ingenzeka.

3. Umnotho wenqubo.

4. Ukuphepha kwenqubo.

5. Zama ukusebenzisa imishini yenqubo enezinqubo eziphezulu zokusebenzisa imishini kanye nezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo.

 

Yiziphi izinkinga okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kokulungiswa kwenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa?

1. Ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okubandayo nokushisa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele, futhi ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kufanele kube okunengqondo.

2. Yamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha ngangokunokwenzeka, chaza kafushane inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, unciphise umjikelezo wokukhiqiza.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa isakhiwo esidingekayo nokusebenza kwezingxenye, zama ukwenza izinqubo ezahlukene noma izinqubo zobuchwepheshe zihlangene nomunye nomunye.

3. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi ye-workpiece, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa.

 

Chaza kafushane izimiso okufanele zilandelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-inductor

1. Ibanga lokuhlanganisa phakathi kwe-inductor ne-workpiece kufanele libe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka.

2. I-workpiece eshisiswe udonga lwangaphandle lwekhoyili kufanele iqhutshwe nguzibuthe ogelezayo.

3. Idizayini yenzwa ye-workpiece enamakhona abukhali ukugwema umphumela obukhali.

4. I-offset phenomenon yemigqa yamagnetic field kufanele igwenywe.

5. Inzwa design kufanele sizame ukuhlangabezana workpiece ungaphenduka lapho ukushisisa.

Yiziphi izimiso eziyisisekelo okufanele abaklami bazicabangele lapho bekhetha izinto zokwakha?

1. Khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokwezimo zokusebenza zezingxenye, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomthwalo nosayizi, izimo zemvelo nezindlela eziyinhloko zokuhluleka;

2. Uma kucatshangelwa isakhiwo, umumo, usayizi kanye nezinye izici zezingxenye, izinto ezinokuqina okuhle zingacutshungulwa ngokucisha uwoyela noma i-soluble quenching medium ukuze kube lula ukucima ukuhlanekezela nokuqhekeka;

3. Qonda isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zezinto emva kokwelashwa kokushisa.Amanye amamaki ensimbi athuthukiswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa kokushisa azoba nesakhiwo nezakhiwo ezingcono ngemva kokwelashwa;

4. Ngokwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesevisi nempilo yezingxenye, izinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele zenziwe zibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi izinto ezingalondolozwa.

Yiziphi izakhiwo zenqubo okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinto zensimbi zezingxenye zokukhiqiza?

1. Ukusebenza kokusakaza.

2. Ukusebenza komshini wokucindezela.

3. Ukusebenza kwemishini.

4. Ukusebenza kwe-Welding.

5. Ukusebenza kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa.

Iyiphi inqubo eyisisekelo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi?Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokusheshisa ukwelashwa kokuphulukisa ngamakhemikhali ?Iziphi izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokulawula isigatshana se-carburizing?Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iyini isakhiwo se-surface kanye ne-low carbon steel ngemva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha?

Ukubola, ukukhangisa, ukusabalalisa izinyathelo ezintathu.Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokulawula ingxenye, ukwelashwa kokungena okuhlanganisiwe, ukusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ukusheshisa inqubo yokusabalalisa, ukungena kwamakhemikhali, ukungena ngokomzimba;Vimbela i-oxidation ye-workpiece surface, evumela ukusabalalisa, ukuze izinqubo ezintathu zihlanganiswe ngokugcwele, zinciphise indawo yokusebenza ukuze zenze inqubo ye-carbon black, isheshise inqubo yokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba olushintshayo lubanzi futhi luthambile ungqimba lokungena lwekhwalithi; Ukusuka phezulu kuya phakathi nendawo, i-oda i-hypereutectoid, i-eutectoid, i-hyperhypoeutectoid, i-primordial hypoeutectoid.

Zingaki izinhlobo zokwehluleka kokugqoka ezikhona?Indlela yokugwema zonke izinhlobo zokuguga nokwehluleka kwezingxenye?

Uhlobo lokugqoka:

Ukugqokwa kwe-adhesion, ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, ukukhathala kokuxhumana.

Izindlela zokuvimbela:

Ngokunamathela okunamathelayo, ukukhetha okunengqondo kwempahla yokubhangqa okushayisanayo; Ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwendawo ukunciphisa i-coefficient yokungqubuzana noma ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso; Yehlisa ingcindezi ecindezelayo othintana naye; Yehlisa ukuhwaqana kwendawo. Ngokugqokwa kwe-abrasive, ngaphezu kokunciphisa ingcindezi yokuxhumana kanye nebanga lokuslayida eklanyweni. yomshini wokuhlunga uwoyela wokugcoba ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezihugayo, kodwa futhi nokukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinto zokwakha ezinobulukhuni obuphakeme;Ukuqina kobuso bezinto ezihambisana nokushayisana kwathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu kanye nokuqina komsebenzi ongaphezulu.Ngokugqokwa okubolayo, khetha izinto ezimelana ne-oxidation;Ukunamathela endaweni;Ukukhethwa kwe Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala;Ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical;Ingcindezi yokuqina kwengcindezi ingancishiswa lapho i-corrosion inhibitor yengezwa.Ukunciphisa ingcindezi;Khetha izinto ezingezwani nokugqwala kwengcindezi;Shintsha isimo esimaphakathi.Ngokukhathala kokuxhumana, thuthukisa ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo; Thuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwempahla, nciphisa ukufakwa;Thuthukisa amandla awumongo nobulukhuni bezingxenye; Yehlisa ukuhwaqa kwezingxenye; Thuthukisa i-viscosity yamafutha okugcoba ukuze unciphise isenzo se-wedge.

Iyini i-granular bainite?

Yakhiwe nge-ferrite enkulu (equiaxed) kanye nesifunda sekhabhoni ephezulu A.

Chaza uhlobo, inhloso kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuhlehla kwebhola

Ukuhlehla okujwayelekile kwebhola: khulisa ubulukhuni, thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, nciphisa ukuqhekeka kokuhlanekezela okucishayo.

Ukuhlehla kwebhola le-Isothermal: kusetshenziselwa izinsimbi zamathuluzi ekhabhoni ephezulu, izinsimbi zamathuluzi engxubevange.

Ibhola lokujikeleza emuva: lisetshenziselwa insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon, insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy.

Izinga lokushisa lokucisha lensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid ngokuvamile lingaphezulu kwe-Ac3, kodwa kungani izinga lokushisa elicishayo lensimbi ye-hypereutectoid lingu-AC1-ACM?Zama ukuyihlaziya ngokwethiyori

1. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, isakhiwo sokuqala se-P+F, uma izinga lokushisa lokucisha liphansi kune-Ac3, kuzoba ne-F engancibilikisiwe, futhi kuzoba nephuzu elithambile ngemva kokucisha.Ngensimbi ye-eutectoid, uma izinga lokushisa iphezulu kakhulu, i-K kakhulu 'incibilika, yandisa inani leshidi M, kulula ukubangela ukuwohloka nokuqhekeka, yandisa inani le-A', i-K kakhulu 'incibilika, futhi inciphisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwensimbi.

2. Ukushisa kwensimbi ye-eutectoid kuphezulu kakhulu, ukuthambekela kwe-oxidation kanye ne-decarbonization kuyanda, ukuze ukwakheka kwendawo yensimbi kungabi umfaniswano, izinga likaMs lihlukile, okuholela ekuqedeni ukuqhekeka.

3. Ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elicishayo i-Ac1+ (30-50℃) kungagcina i-K engancibilikisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa, kunciphise okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-matrix, futhi kwandise amandla epulasitiki nokuqina kwensimbi.

Inqubo entsha yezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-high terperature tempering yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu izokwandisa impilo yezingxenye ezicishiwe ezishisayo zensimbi yesivinini esikhulu.Ingabe ihlaziywa ngokwethiyori?

Imvula efanayo ye-ε ne-M3C yenza imvula ye-M2C ne-MC ifane kakhudlwana kububanzi bezinga lokushisa lesibili eliqinile, elikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite eyinsalela ibe yi-bainite futhi ithuthukise amandla nokuqina.

Khomba izinhlobo zengxubevange ezilandelayo

I-ZL104: i-aluminium ekhonjiwe, i-MB2: ingxube ye-magnesium ekhubazekile, i-ZM3: i-magnesium ekhonjiwe, i-TA4: i-alpha titanium alloy, i-H68: ithusi, i-QSN4-3: ithusi le-tin, i-QBe2: ithusi le-beryllium, i-TB2: i-β titanium alloy.

Kuyini ukuqina kwe-fracture?Ungahlulela kanjani ukuthi ingxenye inokuqhekeka okunokucindezeleka okuphansi ngokokuqina kokuphuka kwe-K1C, ingcindezi yokusebenza kanye ne-crack radius?

Ukuqina kokuphuka kuyinkomba yesakhiwo ebonisa ikhono lempahla yokumelana nokuphuka.Uma i-K1 & gt;K1C, ukuphuka kwe-brittle brittle yengcindezi kwenzeka.

Izici zokuguqulwa kwesigaba sensimbi empunga uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi:

1) I-Cast iron iyi-fe-C-Si ternary alloy, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-eutectoid kwenzeka ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, lapho kukhona khona i-ferrite + austenite + graphite;

I-2) Inqubo ye-graphitization yensimbi ekhonjiwe kulula ukuyifeza, futhi i-matrix ye-ferrite, i-matrix ye-pearlite kanye ne-ferrite + pearlite matrix ye-cast iron itholakala ngokulawula inqubo;

3) Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ka-A kanye nemikhiqizo yenguquko kungalungiswa futhi kulawulwe ku-A uhla olubonakalayo ngokulawula izinga lokushisa le-austenitizing lokushisa, ukwahlukanisa nezimo zokupholisa;

4) Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi, ibanga lokusabalalisa lama-athomu ekhabhoni lide;

I-5) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-cast iron akukwazi ukushintsha ukuma nokusabalalisa kwe-graphite, kodwa kungashintsha kuphela isakhiwo esihlangene kanye nezakhiwo.

 

Inqubo eyisisekelo yokwakheka kuka-A uma insimbi ifudunyezwa ?Izinto ezithinta usayizi wokusanhlamvu ka-A?

Inqubo yokwakheka: ukwakheka kwe-crystal nucleus, ukukhula kuka-A okusanhlamvu, ukuhlakazwa kukasimende osalayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-A;Izici: izinga lokushisa lokushisa, isikhathi sokubamba, isivinini sokushisa, ukwakheka kwensimbi, isakhiwo sangempela.

Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokusheshisa ukwelashwa kwe-hest chemical?

Izindlela: indlela yokulawula isigatshana, ukwelashwa kokungena okuhlanganisiwe, ukusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ukusheshisa inqubo yokusabalalisa, ukungena kwamakhemikhali, ukungena ngokomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokudlulisa ukushisa?

Imodi yokudlulisa ukushisa: ukudluliswa kokushisa okwenziwayo, ukudluliswa kokushisa kwe-convection, ukudluliswa kokushisa kwemisebe (isithando somlilo esingaphezu kuka-700 ℃ ukudluliswa kokushisa kwemisebe).

Iyini izicubu ezimnyama ku-carbonitriding?Kungavinjelwa kanjani?

Inhlangano emnyama isho amachashaza amnyama, amabhande amnyama kanye namawebhu amnyama. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukubonakala kwezicubu ezimnyama, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ongqimbeni oluvuvukalayo akufanele kube phezulu ngokwanele, ngokuvamile okukhulu kuno-0.5% kuthambekele ekubeni nezicubu ezimnyama ezinamabala; I-nitrogen. okuqukethwe kwesendlalelo esivumelekile akufanele kube phansi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-tortenite.Ukuze uvimbele inethiwekhi ye-tortenite, inani elingeziwe le-ammonia kufanele libe lilinganiselwe.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-ammonia kuphezulu kakhulu futhi indawo yamazolo yegesi yomlilo iyancipha, izicubu ezimnyama zizovela.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubukeka kwenethiwekhi ye-torstenite, izinga lokushisa lokushisa elicishayo lingakhushulwa ngokufanele noma indawo yokupholisa enekhono elinamandla lokupholisa ingasetshenziswa.Lapho ukujula kwezicubu ezimnyama kungaphansi kuka-0.02mm, ukuchama okudutshulwa kusetshenziselwa ukukulungisa.

Chaza kafushane umgomo wokukhetha wamapharamitha wenqubo yokucisha ukushisa kokungeniswa

Indlela yokushisa: ukucisha ukushisa kwe-induction kunezindlela ezimbili zokucisha ukushisa kanyekanye kanye nokufudumeza ukucima okuqhubekayo, kuye ngezimo zemishini kanye nohlobo lwezingxenye.Amandla athile okushisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokuvamile angu-0.5~4.0 KW/cm2, futhi amandla athile okushisa omakhalekhukhwini ngokuvamile inkulu kuno-1.5 kW/cm2.Izingxenye zeshafti ezinde, izingxenye zokuvala imbobo eshubhu engaphakathi, igiya le-modulus eliphakathi elinamazinyo abanzi, izingxenye zemicu zithatha ukucisha okuqhubekayo;Igiya elikhulu lithatha izinyo elilodwa ukucisha okuqhubekayo.

Amapharamitha wokushisisa:

1. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa: Ngenxa yesivinini sokushisa sokungeniswa okusheshayo, izinga lokushisa lokucisha liphakeme ngo-30-50℃ kunokwelashwa okuvamile kokushisa ukuze kwenziwe ukuguqulwa kwezicubu kugcwale;

2. Isikhathi sokushisa: ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha, ukuma, usayizi, imvamisa yamanje, amandla athile nezinye izici.

Indlela yokupholisa yokucisha kanye nendawo yokucisha: Indlela yokupholisa yokucisha yokucisha ukushisa ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukupholisa isifutho nokupholisa kokuhlasela.

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha zokunciphisa umzimba?

Ukushisa kufanele kube ngesikhathi esifanele, ngemva kokucisha izingxenye phakathi kwehora le-4. Izindlela zokushisa ezivamile ukuzithiba, ukushisa komlilo kanye nokufudumeza kwe-induction.

Ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha kagesi wokushisa kwe-induction

Inhloso ukwenza umsebenzi wokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi wemvamisa ephezulu namaphakathi esimweni esizwakalayo, ukuze okokusebenza kudlale kahle kakhulu.

1. Lungisa amapharamitha kagesi wokushisisa kwe-high-frequency.Ngaphansi kwesimo se-voltage ephansi engu-7-8kV, lungisa i-coupling futhi uphendule indawo ye-handwheel ukuze wenze isilinganiso sesango lamanje kanye ne-anode yamanje 1:5-1:10, bese ukhuphula i-anode voltage ku-voltage yesevisi, uqhubeke ulungisa amapharamitha kagesi, ukuze i-voltage yesiteshi ilungiswe ibe nenani elidingekayo, okufanelana kahle kakhulu.

2. Lungisa amapharamitha kagesi okushisa okuphakathi nendawo, khetha isilinganiso esifanele se-quenching transformer turns ratio kanye ne-capacitance ngokusho kobukhulu bezingxenye, ubude bendawo yokuqina yokuqina kanye nesakhiwo se-inductor, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenza esimweni se-resonance.

Yiziphi imidiya yokupholisa evame ukusetshenziswa?

Amanzi, amanzi anosawoti, amanzi e-alkali, uwoyela wemishini, i-saltpeter, utshwala be-polyvinyl, isisombululo se-trinitrate, i-ejenti yokucisha encibilika emanzini, uwoyela wokucisha okhethekile, njll.

Zama ukuhlaziya izici ezithinta ukuqina kwensimbi

1. Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kunsimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, ukuzinza kuka-A kuyanda futhi ijika elingu-C lihamba kwesokudla;Ngokwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni nama-carbides angancibiliki ensimbi ye-eutectoid, ukuzinza kuka-A kuncipha futhi ijika lika-C lishintsha kwesokudla.

2. Ithonya lama-elementi engxubevange: Ngaphandle kwe-Co, zonke izakhi zensimbi ezisesimweni sesisombululo esiqinile zihamba ngqo ku-C curve.

3.Izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokubamba: Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu u-A, isikhathi sokubamba siba side, yilapho i-carbide incibilika ngokuphelele, uhlamvu u-A lumahhadla, futhi ijika lika-C liya kwesokudla.

4. Ithonya lesicubu sokuqala: Lapho izicubu zokuqala ziba mncane, kuba lula ukuthola iyunifomu engu-A, ukuze i-CURVE ka-C iye kwesokudla bese uNksz ehle.

5. Ithonya lokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kubangela ukuba ijika lika-C liye kwesokunxele.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2021